Field guide
50 of the world's busiest and most notable international airports — traffic, runways, hub airlines, and a fact worth knowing about each one.
ADD · Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Opened
1962
Passengers/yr
12.0M
Runways
2
Hub for Ethiopian Airlines
More than 90% of its passenger traffic is carried by a single airline, Ethiopian Airlines, which also owns and operates the airport itself.
MAD · Madrid, Spain
Opened
1931
Passengers/yr
66.0M
Runways
4
Hub for Iberia
Its Terminal 4, designed by Richard Rogers, won the RIBA Stirling Prize for its wave-form roof and colour-coded structural columns.
AMS · Amsterdam, Netherlands
Opened
1916
Passengers/yr
67.0M
Runways
6
Hub for KLM
Sits roughly 3 meters below sea level on land reclaimed from a former lake — its name literally references ships that once sank there ("ship hole").
SCL · Santiago, Chile
Opened
1967
Passengers/yr
26.0M
Runways
2
Hub for LATAM Airlines
Its international terminal was entirely rebuilt and reopened in 2022, more than doubling the airport's capacity.
AKL · Auckland, New Zealand
Opened
1966
Passengers/yr
19.0M
Runways
1
Hub for Air New Zealand
The busiest single-runway airport in all of Oceania — a second parallel runway is under construction to relieve the bottleneck.
PEK · Beijing, China
Opened
1958
Passengers/yr
67.5M
Runways
3
Hub for Air China
Its Terminal 3, opened in 2008 for the Beijing Olympics, was the largest airport terminal building in the world by floor space at the time.
BNE · Brisbane, Australia
Opened
1988
Passengers/yr
22.0M
Runways
2
Hub for Qantas, Virgin Australia
Its second, parallel runway, opened in 2020, is spaced far enough from the original that both can operate fully independently, even in poor visibility.
CAI · Cairo, Egypt
Opened
1963
Passengers/yr
28.5M
Runways
3
Hub for EgyptAir
One of the busiest airports in Africa; its third runway, opened in 2010, was built long enough to accommodate the Airbus A380.
BOM · Mumbai, India
Opened
1932
Passengers/yr
55.0M
Runways
2
Hub for IndiGo, Air India
Its two runways intersect rather than run in parallel, so only one can be used at a time — yet it still handles nearly 1,000 flights a day.
ORD · Chicago, United States
Opened
1955
Passengers/yr
80.0M
Runways
8
Hub for United Airlines, American Airlines
Its runway layout was completely rebuilt under the $6 billion, two-decade O'Hare Modernization Plan, converting a crisscross layout into mostly parallel runways to cut delays.
CPH · Copenhagen, Denmark
Opened
1925
Passengers/yr
30.0M
Runways
3
Hub for SAS (Scandinavian Airlines)
One of the oldest continuously operating airports in the world, having opened in 1925 — decades before most other major European hubs.
DFW · Dallas–Fort Worth, United States
Opened
1974
Passengers/yr
87.5M
Runways
7
Hub for American Airlines
At roughly 17,200 acres, its land area is larger than the island of Manhattan, and it has more runways than any other major US airport.
DEN · Denver, United States
Opened
1995
Passengers/yr
82.5M
Runways
6
Hub for United Airlines, Southwest Airlines
The largest airport in North America by land area — big enough to contain the island of Manhattan roughly twice over — with a tent-like roof designed to evoke the Rocky Mountains.
DXB · Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Opened
1960
Passengers/yr
92.5M
Runways
2
Hub for Emirates
Has been the world's busiest airport for international passenger traffic for over a decade running, achieved with only two runways on a tightly constrained footprint.
BOG · Bogotá, Colombia
Opened
1959
Passengers/yr
45.5M
Runways
2
Hub for Avianca
Overtook São Paulo–Guarulhos and Mexico City in 2024 to become the busiest airport in Latin America by passenger traffic, cargo volume, and aircraft movements combined.
FRA · Frankfurt, Germany
Opened
1936
Passengers/yr
61.5M
Runways
4
Hub for Lufthansa
Ranked the world's leading airport for global hub connectivity in 2024, reflecting how densely its schedule is built around connecting passengers.
CAN · Guangzhou, China
Opened
2004
Passengers/yr
76.5M
Runways
5
Hub for China Southern Airlines
Home hub of China Southern Airlines, the largest airline in China by fleet size, and one of the few airports in the world to operate five runways.
DOH · Doha, Qatar
Opened
2014
Passengers/yr
52.5M
Runways
2
Hub for Qatar Airways
One of its two runways, at 4,850 meters, is among the longest commercial runways in the world.
ATL · Atlanta, United States
Opened
1980
Passengers/yr
108.0M
Runways
5
Hub for Delta Air Lines
The world's busiest airport by passenger traffic almost every year since 1998, a streak driven by Delta's massive domestic connecting hub.
HKG · Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Opened
1998
Passengers/yr
53.0M
Runways
3
Hub for Cathay Pacific
Built on an artificial island formed by leveling two smaller islands and reclaiming land from the sea, replacing the notoriously tight approach into old Kai Tak Airport.
ICN · Seoul, South Korea
Opened
2001
Passengers/yr
71.0M
Runways
4
Hub for Korean Air
Built by reclaiming land between two islands, Yeongjong and Yongyu, off the coast near Seoul.
DEL · Delhi, India
Opened
1962
Passengers/yr
78.0M
Runways
4
Hub for IndiGo, Air India
The first airport in India to operate four runways, and its Terminal 3 was one of the largest airport terminal buildings in the world when it opened in 2010.
IST · Istanbul, Turkey
Opened
2018
Passengers/yr
80.0M
Runways
5
Hub for Turkish Airlines
Its single terminal building, at 1.44 million square meters under one roof, is the largest airport terminal structure in the world.
JFK · New York City, United States
Opened
1948
Passengers/yr
63.5M
Runways
4
Hub for Delta Air Lines, JetBlue
Its former TWA Flight Center, the swooping 1962 Eero Saarinen terminal, was preserved and reopened as a hotel rather than demolished during JFK's ongoing redevelopment.
BCN · Barcelona, Spain
Opened
1918
Passengers/yr
55.0M
Runways
3
Hub for Vueling
Its Terminal 1, designed by architect Ricardo Bofill and opened in 2009, roughly doubled the airport's capacity in a single project.
JED · Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Opened
1981
Passengers/yr
49.0M
Runways
3
Hub for Saudia
Its striking tent-roofed Hajj Terminal was built specifically to handle the huge seasonal surges of pilgrims arriving for Hajj.
KUL · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Opened
1998
Passengers/yr
57.0M
Runways
3
Hub for Malaysia Airlines, AirAsia
Its main terminal, designed by architect Kisho Kurokawa, is built around a landscaped "Jungle Boardwalk" that brings a patch of real tropical rainforest inside the building.
LHR · London, United Kingdom
Opened
1946
Passengers/yr
84.0M
Runways
2
Hub for British Airways, Virgin Atlantic
Despite having only two runways, it set a new all-time passenger record in 2024 while operating at close to its legally capped annual movement limit.
LAX · Los Angeles, United States
Opened
1930
Passengers/yr
76.5M
Runways
4
Hub for American Airlines, Delta Air Lines
Its Theme Building, a Space-Age "flying saucer on legs" completed in 1961, remains one of the most recognizable pieces of Googie architecture at any airport in the world.
MEL · Melbourne, Australia
Opened
1970
Passengers/yr
33.5M
Runways
2
Hub for Qantas, Jetstar
Australia's second-busiest airport, and — unlike Sydney, Brisbane, or Perth — still has no direct rail link into the city center.
MEX · Mexico City, Mexico
Opened
1952
Passengers/yr
45.5M
Runways
2
Hub for Aeroméxico
With only two runways handling over 1,000 aircraft movements a day on average, it's widely cited as the busiest two-runway airport in the world.
MIA · Miami, United States
Opened
1928
Passengers/yr
55.5M
Runways
4
Hub for American Airlines
The busiest US airport for international passenger traffic every year since 2021, and American Airlines' single largest hub.
EZE · Buenos Aires, Argentina
Opened
1949
Passengers/yr
11.0M
Runways
2
Hub for Aerolíneas Argentinas
When it opened in 1949 it was reportedly the third-largest airport in the world — one of the most modern of its era.
CMN · Casablanca, Morocco
Opened
1943
Passengers/yr
10.5M
Runways
2
Hub for Royal Air Maroc
Morocco's busiest airport, currently undergoing a major expansion — including a new terminal targeted for 2029 — to lift capacity toward 20 million passengers a year.
MUC · Munich, Germany
Opened
1992
Passengers/yr
41.5M
Runways
2
Hub for Lufthansa
Has its own on-site brewery, Airbräu, believed to be the only brewery located inside an airport terminal anywhere in the world.
NRT · Tokyo, Japan
Opened
1978
Passengers/yr
40.0M
Runways
2
Hub for Japan Airlines, All Nippon Airways
Its 1970s construction was delayed for years by fierce local land protests, which is why the airport's runway layout is unusually fragmented compared to other major gateways.
JNB · Johannesburg, South Africa
Opened
1952
Passengers/yr
17.8M
Runways
2
Hub for South African Airways
Renamed in 2006 to honor anti-apartheid leader Oliver Tambo, replacing its original name, Jan Smuts Airport.
CDG · Paris, France
Opened
1974
Passengers/yr
70.5M
Runways
4
Hub for Air France
Its original circular Terminal 1, designed by Paul Andreu, is a Brutalist landmark whose satellite piers are linked by underground moving-walkway tunnels.
FCO · Rome, Italy
Opened
1961
Passengers/yr
49.0M
Runways
4
Hub for ITA Airways
Named for Leonardo da Vinci, it was Europe's fastest-growing major airport in 2024, setting a single-day record of over 180,000 passengers.
SFO · San Francisco, United States
Opened
1927
Passengers/yr
54.5M
Runways
4
Hub for United Airlines, Alaska Airlines
Its closely spaced parallel runways sit near San Francisco Bay and required the FAA to develop a special simultaneous offset instrument approach just to keep dual arrivals flowing in poor visibility.
GRU · São Paulo, Brazil
Opened
1985
Passengers/yr
43.5M
Runways
2
Hub for LATAM Airlines Brazil
Brazil's largest airport and its principal intercontinental gateway, capable of handling wide-bodies up to the Airbus A380.
PVG · Shanghai, China
Opened
1999
Passengers/yr
78.0M
Runways
5
Hub for China Eastern Airlines
Built largely from scratch on then-undeveloped land east of the Huangpu River, purpose-built as Shanghai's dedicated international gateway.
SIN · Singapore, Singapore
Opened
1981
Passengers/yr
67.5M
Runways
2
Hub for Singapore Airlines
Home to Jewel Changi, a shopping-and-nature complex built around the world's tallest indoor waterfall, at about 40 meters.
BKK · Bangkok, Thailand
Opened
2006
Passengers/yr
62.0M
Runways
3
Hub for Thai Airways
Its control tower, at about 132 meters, was one of the tallest airport control towers in the world when the airport opened in 2006.
SYD · Sydney, Australia
Opened
1920
Passengers/yr
41.5M
Runways
3
Hub for Qantas
One of the oldest continuously operating commercial airports in the world, uniquely hemmed in by Botany Bay with runways running right along the waterline.
HND · Tokyo, Japan
Opened
1931
Passengers/yr
85.5M
Runways
4
Hub for Japan Airlines, All Nippon Airways
Its fourth runway, "D-Runway," was partly built on a pile-supported structure over Tokyo Bay so all four runways could operate simultaneously.
YYZ · Toronto, Canada
Opened
1939
Passengers/yr
46.5M
Runways
5
Hub for Air Canada
Its original 1964 terminal, "Aeroquay 1," was one of the world's first circular airport terminals, designed to put every gate within a short walk of the curb.
VIE · Vienna, Austria
Opened
1938
Passengers/yr
31.5M
Runways
2
Hub for Austrian Airlines
Set an all-time passenger record in 2024, finally surpassing its pre-pandemic 2019 peak.
AUH · Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Opened
1982
Passengers/yr
29.5M
Runways
2
Hub for Etihad Airways
Its Terminal A, opened in late 2023 and covering 742,000 square meters, is one of the largest single airport buildings in the world and nearly tripled the airport's capacity.
ZRH · Zurich, Switzerland
Opened
1948
Passengers/yr
31.0M
Runways
3
Hub for Swiss International Air Lines
Uses an unusual three-runway layout in which two of the runways physically intersect, requiring especially careful air traffic sequencing.