Field guide

Airports: where every flight plan begins and ends.

50 of the world's busiest and most notable international airports — traffic, runways, hub airlines, and a fact worth knowing about each one.

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ADD · Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Addis Ababa Bole International Airport

Africa

Opened

1962

Passengers/yr

12.0M

Runways

2

Hub for Ethiopian Airlines

More than 90% of its passenger traffic is carried by a single airline, Ethiopian Airlines, which also owns and operates the airport itself.

MAD · Madrid, Spain

Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport

Europe

Opened

1931

Passengers/yr

66.0M

Runways

4

Hub for Iberia

Its Terminal 4, designed by Richard Rogers, won the RIBA Stirling Prize for its wave-form roof and colour-coded structural columns.

AMS · Amsterdam, Netherlands

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

Europe

Opened

1916

Passengers/yr

67.0M

Runways

6

Hub for KLM

Sits roughly 3 meters below sea level on land reclaimed from a former lake — its name literally references ships that once sank there ("ship hole").

SCL · Santiago, Chile

Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport

South America

Opened

1967

Passengers/yr

26.0M

Runways

2

Hub for LATAM Airlines

Its international terminal was entirely rebuilt and reopened in 2022, more than doubling the airport's capacity.

AKL · Auckland, New Zealand

Auckland Airport

Oceania

Opened

1966

Passengers/yr

19.0M

Runways

1

Hub for Air New Zealand

The busiest single-runway airport in all of Oceania — a second parallel runway is under construction to relieve the bottleneck.

PEK · Beijing, China

Beijing Capital International Airport

Asia

Opened

1958

Passengers/yr

67.5M

Runways

3

Hub for Air China

Its Terminal 3, opened in 2008 for the Beijing Olympics, was the largest airport terminal building in the world by floor space at the time.

BNE · Brisbane, Australia

Brisbane Airport

Oceania

Opened

1988

Passengers/yr

22.0M

Runways

2

Hub for Qantas, Virgin Australia

Its second, parallel runway, opened in 2020, is spaced far enough from the original that both can operate fully independently, even in poor visibility.

CAI · Cairo, Egypt

Cairo International Airport

Africa

Opened

1963

Passengers/yr

28.5M

Runways

3

Hub for EgyptAir

One of the busiest airports in Africa; its third runway, opened in 2010, was built long enough to accommodate the Airbus A380.

BOM · Mumbai, India

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport

Asia

Opened

1932

Passengers/yr

55.0M

Runways

2

Hub for IndiGo, Air India

Its two runways intersect rather than run in parallel, so only one can be used at a time — yet it still handles nearly 1,000 flights a day.

ORD · Chicago, United States

Chicago O'Hare International Airport

North America

Opened

1955

Passengers/yr

80.0M

Runways

8

Hub for United Airlines, American Airlines

Its runway layout was completely rebuilt under the $6 billion, two-decade O'Hare Modernization Plan, converting a crisscross layout into mostly parallel runways to cut delays.

CPH · Copenhagen, Denmark

Copenhagen Airport

Europe

Opened

1925

Passengers/yr

30.0M

Runways

3

Hub for SAS (Scandinavian Airlines)

One of the oldest continuously operating airports in the world, having opened in 1925 — decades before most other major European hubs.

DFW · Dallas–Fort Worth, United States

Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport

North America

Opened

1974

Passengers/yr

87.5M

Runways

7

Hub for American Airlines

At roughly 17,200 acres, its land area is larger than the island of Manhattan, and it has more runways than any other major US airport.

DEN · Denver, United States

Denver International Airport

North America

Opened

1995

Passengers/yr

82.5M

Runways

6

Hub for United Airlines, Southwest Airlines

The largest airport in North America by land area — big enough to contain the island of Manhattan roughly twice over — with a tent-like roof designed to evoke the Rocky Mountains.

DXB · Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Dubai International Airport

Middle East

Opened

1960

Passengers/yr

92.5M

Runways

2

Hub for Emirates

Has been the world's busiest airport for international passenger traffic for over a decade running, achieved with only two runways on a tightly constrained footprint.

BOG · Bogotá, Colombia

El Dorado International Airport

South America

Opened

1959

Passengers/yr

45.5M

Runways

2

Hub for Avianca

Overtook São Paulo–Guarulhos and Mexico City in 2024 to become the busiest airport in Latin America by passenger traffic, cargo volume, and aircraft movements combined.

FRA · Frankfurt, Germany

Frankfurt Airport

Europe

Opened

1936

Passengers/yr

61.5M

Runways

4

Hub for Lufthansa

Ranked the world's leading airport for global hub connectivity in 2024, reflecting how densely its schedule is built around connecting passengers.

CAN · Guangzhou, China

Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport

Asia

Opened

2004

Passengers/yr

76.5M

Runways

5

Hub for China Southern Airlines

Home hub of China Southern Airlines, the largest airline in China by fleet size, and one of the few airports in the world to operate five runways.

DOH · Doha, Qatar

Hamad International Airport

Middle East

Opened

2014

Passengers/yr

52.5M

Runways

2

Hub for Qatar Airways

One of its two runways, at 4,850 meters, is among the longest commercial runways in the world.

ATL · Atlanta, United States

Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport

North America

Opened

1980

Passengers/yr

108.0M

Runways

5

Hub for Delta Air Lines

The world's busiest airport by passenger traffic almost every year since 1998, a streak driven by Delta's massive domestic connecting hub.

HKG · Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Hong Kong International Airport

Asia

Opened

1998

Passengers/yr

53.0M

Runways

3

Hub for Cathay Pacific

Built on an artificial island formed by leveling two smaller islands and reclaiming land from the sea, replacing the notoriously tight approach into old Kai Tak Airport.

ICN · Seoul, South Korea

Incheon International Airport

Asia

Opened

2001

Passengers/yr

71.0M

Runways

4

Hub for Korean Air

Built by reclaiming land between two islands, Yeongjong and Yongyu, off the coast near Seoul.

DEL · Delhi, India

Indira Gandhi International Airport

Asia

Opened

1962

Passengers/yr

78.0M

Runways

4

Hub for IndiGo, Air India

The first airport in India to operate four runways, and its Terminal 3 was one of the largest airport terminal buildings in the world when it opened in 2010.

IST · Istanbul, Turkey

Istanbul Airport

Europe

Opened

2018

Passengers/yr

80.0M

Runways

5

Hub for Turkish Airlines

Its single terminal building, at 1.44 million square meters under one roof, is the largest airport terminal structure in the world.

JFK · New York City, United States

John F. Kennedy International Airport

North America

Opened

1948

Passengers/yr

63.5M

Runways

4

Hub for Delta Air Lines, JetBlue

Its former TWA Flight Center, the swooping 1962 Eero Saarinen terminal, was preserved and reopened as a hotel rather than demolished during JFK's ongoing redevelopment.

BCN · Barcelona, Spain

Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport

Europe

Opened

1918

Passengers/yr

55.0M

Runways

3

Hub for Vueling

Its Terminal 1, designed by architect Ricardo Bofill and opened in 2009, roughly doubled the airport's capacity in a single project.

JED · Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

King Abdulaziz International Airport

Middle East

Opened

1981

Passengers/yr

49.0M

Runways

3

Hub for Saudia

Its striking tent-roofed Hajj Terminal was built specifically to handle the huge seasonal surges of pilgrims arriving for Hajj.

KUL · Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Kuala Lumpur International Airport

Asia

Opened

1998

Passengers/yr

57.0M

Runways

3

Hub for Malaysia Airlines, AirAsia

Its main terminal, designed by architect Kisho Kurokawa, is built around a landscaped "Jungle Boardwalk" that brings a patch of real tropical rainforest inside the building.

LHR · London, United Kingdom

London Heathrow Airport

Europe

Opened

1946

Passengers/yr

84.0M

Runways

2

Hub for British Airways, Virgin Atlantic

Despite having only two runways, it set a new all-time passenger record in 2024 while operating at close to its legally capped annual movement limit.

LAX · Los Angeles, United States

Los Angeles International Airport

North America

Opened

1930

Passengers/yr

76.5M

Runways

4

Hub for American Airlines, Delta Air Lines

Its Theme Building, a Space-Age "flying saucer on legs" completed in 1961, remains one of the most recognizable pieces of Googie architecture at any airport in the world.

MEL · Melbourne, Australia

Melbourne Airport

Oceania

Opened

1970

Passengers/yr

33.5M

Runways

2

Hub for Qantas, Jetstar

Australia's second-busiest airport, and — unlike Sydney, Brisbane, or Perth — still has no direct rail link into the city center.

MEX · Mexico City, Mexico

Mexico City International Airport

North America

Opened

1952

Passengers/yr

45.5M

Runways

2

Hub for Aeroméxico

With only two runways handling over 1,000 aircraft movements a day on average, it's widely cited as the busiest two-runway airport in the world.

MIA · Miami, United States

Miami International Airport

North America

Opened

1928

Passengers/yr

55.5M

Runways

4

Hub for American Airlines

The busiest US airport for international passenger traffic every year since 2021, and American Airlines' single largest hub.

EZE · Buenos Aires, Argentina

Ministro Pistarini International Airport

South America

Opened

1949

Passengers/yr

11.0M

Runways

2

Hub for Aerolíneas Argentinas

When it opened in 1949 it was reportedly the third-largest airport in the world — one of the most modern of its era.

CMN · Casablanca, Morocco

Mohammed V International Airport

Africa

Opened

1943

Passengers/yr

10.5M

Runways

2

Hub for Royal Air Maroc

Morocco's busiest airport, currently undergoing a major expansion — including a new terminal targeted for 2029 — to lift capacity toward 20 million passengers a year.

MUC · Munich, Germany

Munich Airport

Europe

Opened

1992

Passengers/yr

41.5M

Runways

2

Hub for Lufthansa

Has its own on-site brewery, Airbräu, believed to be the only brewery located inside an airport terminal anywhere in the world.

NRT · Tokyo, Japan

Narita International Airport

Asia

Opened

1978

Passengers/yr

40.0M

Runways

2

Hub for Japan Airlines, All Nippon Airways

Its 1970s construction was delayed for years by fierce local land protests, which is why the airport's runway layout is unusually fragmented compared to other major gateways.

JNB · Johannesburg, South Africa

O.R. Tambo International Airport

Africa

Opened

1952

Passengers/yr

17.8M

Runways

2

Hub for South African Airways

Renamed in 2006 to honor anti-apartheid leader Oliver Tambo, replacing its original name, Jan Smuts Airport.

CDG · Paris, France

Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport

Europe

Opened

1974

Passengers/yr

70.5M

Runways

4

Hub for Air France

Its original circular Terminal 1, designed by Paul Andreu, is a Brutalist landmark whose satellite piers are linked by underground moving-walkway tunnels.

FCO · Rome, Italy

Rome Fiumicino Airport

Europe

Opened

1961

Passengers/yr

49.0M

Runways

4

Hub for ITA Airways

Named for Leonardo da Vinci, it was Europe's fastest-growing major airport in 2024, setting a single-day record of over 180,000 passengers.

SFO · San Francisco, United States

San Francisco International Airport

North America

Opened

1927

Passengers/yr

54.5M

Runways

4

Hub for United Airlines, Alaska Airlines

Its closely spaced parallel runways sit near San Francisco Bay and required the FAA to develop a special simultaneous offset instrument approach just to keep dual arrivals flowing in poor visibility.

GRU · São Paulo, Brazil

São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport

South America

Opened

1985

Passengers/yr

43.5M

Runways

2

Hub for LATAM Airlines Brazil

Brazil's largest airport and its principal intercontinental gateway, capable of handling wide-bodies up to the Airbus A380.

PVG · Shanghai, China

Shanghai Pudong International Airport

Asia

Opened

1999

Passengers/yr

78.0M

Runways

5

Hub for China Eastern Airlines

Built largely from scratch on then-undeveloped land east of the Huangpu River, purpose-built as Shanghai's dedicated international gateway.

SIN · Singapore, Singapore

Singapore Changi Airport

Asia

Opened

1981

Passengers/yr

67.5M

Runways

2

Hub for Singapore Airlines

Home to Jewel Changi, a shopping-and-nature complex built around the world's tallest indoor waterfall, at about 40 meters.

BKK · Bangkok, Thailand

Suvarnabhumi Airport

Asia

Opened

2006

Passengers/yr

62.0M

Runways

3

Hub for Thai Airways

Its control tower, at about 132 meters, was one of the tallest airport control towers in the world when the airport opened in 2006.

SYD · Sydney, Australia

Sydney Kingsford Smith Airport

Oceania

Opened

1920

Passengers/yr

41.5M

Runways

3

Hub for Qantas

One of the oldest continuously operating commercial airports in the world, uniquely hemmed in by Botany Bay with runways running right along the waterline.

HND · Tokyo, Japan

Tokyo Haneda Airport

Asia

Opened

1931

Passengers/yr

85.5M

Runways

4

Hub for Japan Airlines, All Nippon Airways

Its fourth runway, "D-Runway," was partly built on a pile-supported structure over Tokyo Bay so all four runways could operate simultaneously.

YYZ · Toronto, Canada

Toronto Pearson International Airport

North America

Opened

1939

Passengers/yr

46.5M

Runways

5

Hub for Air Canada

Its original 1964 terminal, "Aeroquay 1," was one of the world's first circular airport terminals, designed to put every gate within a short walk of the curb.

VIE · Vienna, Austria

Vienna International Airport

Europe

Opened

1938

Passengers/yr

31.5M

Runways

2

Hub for Austrian Airlines

Set an all-time passenger record in 2024, finally surpassing its pre-pandemic 2019 peak.

AUH · Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Zayed International Airport

Middle East

Opened

1982

Passengers/yr

29.5M

Runways

2

Hub for Etihad Airways

Its Terminal A, opened in late 2023 and covering 742,000 square meters, is one of the largest single airport buildings in the world and nearly tripled the airport's capacity.

ZRH · Zurich, Switzerland

Zurich Airport

Europe

Opened

1948

Passengers/yr

31.0M

Runways

3

Hub for Swiss International Air Lines

Uses an unusual three-runway layout in which two of the runways physically intersect, requiring especially careful air traffic sequencing.